Notes:
India’s first satellite Aryabhatta was launched by India on 19 April 1975 from Russian space station using Kosmos-3M launch vehicle.

Notes:
The earth is 4700 million years old and the earliest super continent Vaalbara started forming around 3600 million years ago

Notes:
Article 23 provides for prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour. It says (1) Traffic in human beings and begar and other similar forms of forced labour are prohibited and any contravention of this provision shall be an offence punishable in accordance with law (2) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from imposing compulsory service for public purpose, and in imposing such service the State shall not make any discrimination on grounds only of religion, race, caste or class or any of them.

Notes:
The Federal Court of India which came up via the Government of India act 1935 commenced its sitting in the Chamber of Princes in the parliament building from 1937 till 1950. The SC came into being on 28 January 1950 and from that time till 1958, it commenced its hearing from there only. It moved to the current premises in 1958.

Notes:
bar, torr and Pascal are the units used for measuring pressure whereas shake is a unit of time. 1 bar = 10⁵ Pa 1 bar = 760 torr 1 bar = 1 atmospheric pressure Shake is the smallest practical unit of time. 1 shake = 10^-8s

Notes:
An isthmus is a land bridge, a narrow strip of land that stretches across a body of water to connect two larger land masses. The Greek isthmos means “neck”.
One of the most famous examples of the isthmus landform is the Isthmus of Panama. The Panama isthmus is a narrow strip of land that connects Costa Rica and Colombia. Essentially, the Isthmus of Panama connects North and South America. It is bordered by the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean.