Notes:
Senguttuvan (also knoown as Red Chera) was the greatest Chera king who is remembered for building a temple of ‘Kannagi’ the Goddess of Chastity and founded the famous Pattini cult.

Notes:
1 curie = 1 Ci = 3.7 × 10¹⁰ decays per second = 3.7 × 10¹⁰ Bq. This is approximately the amount of radioactivity emitted by one gram (1 g) of radium-226. The ‘curie’ unit is named after Pierre Curie, a French physicist.

Notes:
Carbonic acid is a chemical compound with the chemical formula H₂ CO₃. Its find its use in many most aerated drinks, such as sodas and soft drinks.

Notes:
The Indira Gandhi Canal is the longest irrigation canal of India. It starts from the Harike Barrage at Harike, a few kilometers below the confluence of the Satluj and Beas rivers in the Indian state of Punjab and terminates in irrigation facilities in the Thar Desert in the north west of Rajasthan state.

Notes:
Samudragupta was from the Gupta dynasty. He was a great player of the veena as well. Samudragupta ruled from AD 335-380. He was known as the “Napoleon of India”.

Notes:
Directive Principles of State Policy are contained in Part IV (Article 36-51) of the Constitution of India, are not enforceable by any court, but the principles laid down therein are considered irrefutable in the governance of the country, making it the duty of the State to apply these principles in making laws to establish a society.

Notes:
In cricket a no-ball is a penalty against the fielding team, usually as a result of an illegal delivery by the bowler. In ice hockey, a goal is scored when the puck entirely crosses the goal line between the two goal posts and below the goal crossbar. A knockout is normally given when a boxer is straight knocked down and out.

Notes:
The provisions of the 44 th constitutional amendment were:
1. The right to property, which has been the occasion for more than one amendment of the Constitution, would cease to be a fundamental right and become only a legal right.
2. During emergency it enables the rights of the citizen to move the courts for the enforcement of fundamental rights including the right to life and liberty to be suspended. It is sought to be provided that an Emergency can be proclaimed only on the basis of written advice tendered to the President by the Cabinet.
3. A special provision is being made guaranteeing the right of the media to report freely and without censorship the proceedings in Parliament and the State Legislatures.
4. It restores to the High Courts and to the Supreme Court their jurisdiction to consider the validity of any Central or State law. It was proposed to amend articles 132, 133 and 134 and insert a new article 134A to provide that a High Court should consider the question of granting a certificate for appeal to Supreme Court immediately after the delivery of the judgment, decree, final order.

Notes:
Galvanization is a process in which coat of zinc is applied to the thicker base metal surface which are prone to corrosion such as iron. The most common method is hot-dip galvanizing, in which the parts are submerged in a bath of molten zinc.